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Mobius relies on two distinct offchain roles — Executors and Rebalancers — to bridge information and maintain solvency across chains and venues.

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Executors

Executors are a decentralized state relay between trading venues and the Mobius risk engine. They are the information backbone of the protocol: without accurate, timely state data flowing from venues back to the hub, the Credit Account cannot compute a correct Health Factor.

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Core Functions

When users initiate risk-impacting actions — such as opening positions on a venue or withdrawing from a Credit Account — Executors perform three functions:
  1. State Verification: Fetch the current Venue Account equity, open positions, and margin data from the venue.
  2. Cryptographic Attestation: Sign a State Snapshot of the Venue Account, producing a verifiable proof of the account’s state at a given point in time.
  3. Relay: Deliver the signed snapshot to the Mobius risk engine onchain, enabling the hub to compute an up-to-date global Health Factor.
Beyond relaying information, Executors also bridge actions from the hub to venues:
ModuleResponsibility
BinderProvisions accounts at the venue and finalizes the onchain binding
ReaderPolls the venue API for account state (equity, margin, positions) and pushes signed snapshots onchain
WriterExecutes orders and trades at the venue and confirms action outcomes onchain

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Request Lifecycle

Onchain event (PENDING)
        |
    Executor picks up
        |
    Calls venue API
        |
    +-----------+-----------+
    |           |           |
CONFIRMED    FAILED     EXPIRED
All requests carry a deadline. If the Executor does not confirm before the deadline, the request can be marked as expired by anyone.

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Security Model

Executors operate as a multi-party computation (MPC) network to prevent single-point manipulation:
  • Threshold signatures: A quorum of Executor nodes must sign each State Snapshot. No individual Executor can falsify data.
  • No custody: Executors never hold user funds. Tokens are always held by a hub-chain contract or at the venue.
  • Confirm-only: Executors can only confirm hub-initiated requests — they cannot create new ones or move funds independently.
  • Fail-closed staleness: If Executors stop reporting, snapshots go stale and the hub automatically tightens the account’s leverage limits. Silence hurts the account, not the protocol.
  • Rotation: The hub owner can rotate the Executor address onchain if a key is compromised.
For native-bridge venues, Executors are not needed — reads and actions are verified directly against the venue’s own state.

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Rebalancers

Rebalancers are offchain keepers focused on transaction execution and account maintenance. Unlike Executors, Rebalancers do not relay information — they act on the information that Executors have already delivered.

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Core Functions

  • Transaction re-submission: Cross-layer sends are non-atomic. Rebalancers retry dropped Venue Account actions using idempotent identifiers. Before resubmitting, they read Venue Account state to ensure the action has not already executed, preventing double-runs.
  • Liquidation: Serve as primary liquidators when Credit Accounts drop below HF<1HF < 1.
  • Automation & solvency management: Execute user-defined triggers to keep Venue Accounts funded and harvest profits.
    • Example: “If Venue Account margin ratio > X%, bridge stablecoins from the Credit Account to the Venue Account.”
    • Example: “If Venue Account unrealized PnL > threshold, realize profits and bridge back to the programmable layer to repay debt.”

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Executors vs. Rebalancers

ExecutorsRebalancers
Primary roleInformation relay & action bridgingTransaction execution & account maintenance
State relayYes — fetch, attest, and deliver venue state snapshotsNo — consume state that Executors provide
Action bridgingYes — bridge onchain intents to venue APIsNo — operate within the hub chain
LiquidationNoYes — primary liquidators
AutomationNoYes — user-defined triggers, margin management
Tx retryNoYes — resubmit dropped cross-layer transactions
Trust modelMPC network with threshold signaturesPermissionless keepers incentivized by liquidation bonuses